Si3N4 Silicon Nitride:
The most widely used type of ceramic due to very high resistance to wear and abrasion in general. It has a micro - structure specially designed for applications subject to great stress. It does not require lubrication, it is resistant to corrosion, anti magnetic and electrically insulating, and it continues to be efficient at high temperatures up to +1400 oC. It combines extreme hardness with a high precision ball. Si3N4 balls are widely used in high precision bearings in the airspace industry, for machine tools, measurement instruments, mechanical centrifuges, radar and missiles, pumps and compressors.
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES |
| Structure |
Multi-Crystal | | Chemical Formula |
Si3N4 | | Purity % |
95,00 | | Density g/cm |
3,20 | | Operating Temperature °C |
1100 | | Melting Point |
1900° Ñ | | Softening Point |
100° Ñ | Specific Heat at 25° C
(cal/g/° C)
Thermal Conductivity | 0,17
29 W/m° K |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | | Vickers Hv10 Hardness (N/mm2) |
24000 | | Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) |
3,1õ105 | | Breaking Modulus at 25° C (N/mm2) |
700 | | Compressive Strength at 25° C (N/mm2) |
2500 | Top Al2O3 99, 55% ALUMINA (ALUMINA OXIDE):
The material has a multi-crystal structure and excellent resistance to abrasion and high temperatures. It is resistant to most corrosive agents, but it is not recommended for use in contact with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid or strong alcaline solutions. Al2O3 balls are used in valves, pumps and ball bearings.
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | | Structure |
Multi-Crystal | | Chemical Formula |
ÀL2Î3 | | Purity % |
99,8 | | Density g/cm |
3,90 | | Operating Temperature °C |
1800 | | Melting Point |
2050° C | | Softening Point |
1725° Ñ | Specific Heat at 25° C
(cal/g/° C)
Thermal Conductivity | 0,25
29 W/m° K |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | | Vickers Hv10 Hardness (N/mm2) |
16500 | | Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) |
3,5õ105 | | Breaking Modulus at 25° C (N/mm2) |
470 | | Compressive Strength at 25° C (N/mm2) |
2354 | Top ZrO2 ZIRCONIUM OXIDE:
The material, compared has a high degree of compactness and considerable flexural strength, which makes it very reliable. It also has a low modulus of elasticity, close to that of steel, together with an extraordinarily low thermal conductivity.
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | | Structure |
Multi-Crystal | | Chemical Formula |
ZrO2 | | Purity % |
97,00 | | Density g/cm |
5,50 | | Operating Temperature °C |
1000 | | Melting Point |
| | Softening Point |
| Specific Heat at 25° C
(cal/g/° C)
Thermal Conductivity | 9
W/m° K |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | | Vickers Hv10 Hardness (N/mm2) |
20000 | | Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) |
2õ105 | | Breaking Modulus at 25° C (N/mm2) |
600 | | Compressive Strength at 25° C (N/mm2) |
2100 | Top Al2O3 99, 99% RUBY:
This material has a non porous single crystal structure used where particular hardness and extreme resistance to wear are required together with a low specific weight and properties of chemical inertia. The material consists of pure aluminium oxide with a small percentage of chromo oxide which gives it its characteristic red colour, which is the most visible feature of these balls in many applications as measurement and control insruments, valves and pumps.
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | | Structure |
Single Crystal | | Chemical Formula |
ÀL2Î3 | | Purity % |
99,99 | | Density g/cm |
3,99 | | Operating Temperature °C |
| | Melting Point |
2050° C | | Softening Point |
1800° C | Specific Heat at 25° C
(cal/g/° C)
Thermal Conductivity | 0,18
36 W/m° K |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | | Vickers Hv10 Hardness (N/mm2) |
17000 | | Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) |
4,3õ105 | | Breaking Modulus at 25° C (N/mm2) |
392 | | Compressive Strength at 25° C (N/mm2) |
2060 | Top Al2O3 99, 99% SAPPHIRE:
This material has a single crystal structure and unlike ruby is transparent. Because of its optical properties and high refraction index. Balls made of this material are currently used as chemically inert lenses.
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | | Structure |
Single Crystal | | Chemical Formula |
ÀL2Î3 | | Purity % |
99,99 | | Density g/cm |
3,99 | | Operating Temperature °C |
| | Melting Point |
2050° C | | Softening Point |
1800° C | Specific Heat at 25° C
(cal/g/° C)
Thermal Conductivity | 0,18
36 W/m° K |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | | Vickers Hv10 Hardness (N/mm2) |
17000 | | Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) |
4,3õ105 | | Breaking Modulus at 25° C (N/mm2) |
392 | | Compressive Strength at 25° C (N/mm2) |
2060 | Top CHEMICAL RESISTANCE Sapphire / Ruby:
inert to most acids at very high temperatures.
Alumina (Oxide):
inert to most acids, but not recommended in environments with hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acids or strong alkaline solutions.
Silicon Nitride:
inert to most acids
Zirconium Oxide:
inert except to hydrofluoric acid and strong concentrations of sulphuric acid.
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